How to Vote in Canada: A Guide for New Citizens

Voting Is a Right — And a Responsibility

When you become a Canadian citizen, you gain the right to vote in federal, provincial, and municipal elections. For many newcomers, especially those who came from countries with limited democratic freedoms, this right carries deep personal significance.

Canada has three levels of elections:

• Federal: Every 4 years (or when government falls) — Parliament, Prime Minister
• Provincial/Territorial: Every 4 years — Legislature, Premier
• Municipal: Every 4 years — City Council, Mayor, School Board

Who Can Vote

To vote in federal elections:

• Must be a Canadian citizen (not just a PR)
• Must be 18 years or older on election day
• Must be registered on the voters list

For provincial and municipal elections, some provinces and cities allow permanent residents to vote in specific elections (notably municipal in some jurisdictions). Check your province's rules.

How to Register to Vote

You can register at any time through Elections Canada:

• Online at ereg.elections.ca
• By phone: 1-800-463-6868
• You're also automatically added to the national register when you file taxes or update your address with Service Canada
• You can register or update your address on election day at the polling station

How Voting Works

When an election is called:

1. You receive a Voter Information Card (VIC) in the mail with your polling station address and dates
2. Bring your VIC + ID (or two pieces of ID showing your name and address)
3. A staff member finds your name on the voters list
4. You receive a paper ballot with the names of local candidates
5. Mark an X next to the candidate of your choice in a private booth
6. Fold your ballot and submit it

Learning About the Candidates

Resources to learn about candidates and parties before voting:

• Elections Canada — official candidate information
• CBC, Globe and Mail, Toronto Star — non-partisan election coverage
• Voter guides from community organizations and settlement agencies
• Candidate debates and town halls

Also see: Canadian citizenship guide