Childcare in Canada: A Newcomer's Guide to Daycare, JK/SK, and Benefits

Childcare in Canada: The Big Picture

Canada has historically had expensive, hard-to-access childcare. But since 2021, the federal government's $10/day childcare plan has been transforming the landscape, dramatically reducing costs for families — especially in provinces that have signed bilateral agreements with Ottawa.

The $10/Day Childcare Program

Most provinces have now signed agreements to reduce licensed childcare fees to an average of $10/day by 2026. Current status (2025–2026):

• BC: Average $10/day implemented — fees have dropped significantly
• Ontario: 50%+ fee reductions, many spots at $10–$20/day
• Quebec: Already had $10/day since the 1990s (CPE network)
• Alberta: Average $10/day reached April 2025
• Other provinces: Various stages of implementation

Find a licensed childcare space: Canada's Early Learning and Child Care portal

JK and SK: Junior and Senior Kindergarten

In Ontario (and similar programs in other provinces), public school starts at age 4 with Junior Kindergarten (JK), and continues with Senior Kindergarten (SK) at age 5. This is FREE full-day (6.5 hours) public schooling — one of the most affordable childcare options for families with 4–5 year olds.

Other provinces start public school at age 5 (Kindergarten) or 6 (Grade 1). Check your province's school board for exact ages.

Childcare Subsidies for Lower-Income Families

Even outside the $10/day program, most provinces have income-based childcare subsidies. In BC, the Affordable Child Care Benefit can reduce fees to near-zero for low-income families. In Ontario, the Child Care Fee Subsidy (CCFS) covers most or all costs for eligible families.

Apply through your municipality or provincial government — often the same office that processes your childcare enrollment.

Canada Child Benefit (CCB)

Don't forget the federal CCB — up to $7,787/year per child under 6. See: CCB guide for newcomers

School Registration for Newcomer Children

Public schools in Canada are free for all children regardless of immigration status. To register:

• Contact your local school board (search "[city] school board" + registration)
• Bring proof of address, child's birth certificate or passport, and vaccination records
• Schools may provide English/French language support and cultural liaisons for newcomer families

Also see: WelcomeAide's childcare and education guide