Working as an International Student in Canada: Rules, Permits, and Tax Filing

Can International Students Work in Canada?

Yes, most international students in Canada are allowed to work while studying, provided they meet specific conditions set by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Working while studying can help you gain valuable Canadian work experience, offset living costs, and build your professional network. However, it is essential to understand the rules thoroughly to avoid jeopardizing your immigration status.

To be eligible to work off-campus without a separate work permit, you must hold a valid study permit that includes a condition allowing you to work, and you must be enrolled full-time at a designated learning institution (DLI). You must also have started your program of study and have a valid Social Insurance Number (SIN).

The 20-Hour-Per-Week Rule

During regular academic sessions (fall and winter semesters), international students are generally limited to working a maximum of 20 hours per week off-campus. This limit applies to the combined total of all your jobs, not 20 hours per employer. It is important to track your hours carefully because exceeding this limit can result in serious consequences, including the possibility of losing your study permit or being denied future immigration applications.

During scheduled breaks between academic sessions, such as summer vacation, winter holidays, or a spring reading break that is listed on your school calendar, you are permitted to work full-time. Full-time typically means up to 40 hours per week, though there is no specific cap during breaks as long as you were a full-time student in the preceding semester and intend to continue studying in the next session.

On-Campus Work

Working on-campus does not count toward the 20-hour weekly limit. On-campus work includes jobs at the institution itself, such as teaching assistant positions, library jobs, research assistant roles, or food services positions located on campus. You can work on campus without a separate work permit as long as you hold a valid study permit and are enrolled full-time. On-campus employment is a great way to gain experience while staying close to your academic environment.

Co-op and Internship Work Permits

Many Canadian post-secondary programs include a co-op or internship component that is integral to the academic curriculum. If your program requires you to complete a work placement as part of your degree or diploma, you will need a co-op work permit in addition to your study permit. This is a separate document that authorizes you to work at an employer as part of your program requirements.

To apply for a co-op work permit, you must have a valid study permit, a letter from your school confirming that the work placement is a required part of your program, and proof that co-op or internship students make up no more than 50 percent of the total program. The co-op work permit is only valid for the duration of your study permit and only while you are actively enrolled in the program that requires the placement.

How to Apply for a Co-op Work Permit

You can apply for a co-op work permit at the same time as your study permit or after you have arrived in Canada. The application is submitted online through the IRCC portal. Processing times vary, so it is advisable to apply well in advance of your placement start date. Your school's co-op office or international student services department can usually help you gather the required documents and guide you through the process.

Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)

The Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) is one of the most valuable immigration pathways available to international students in Canada. It allows you to work for any employer in Canada after completing your studies, without needing a job offer or a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA). The PGWP is an open work permit, meaning you can work in any occupation and for any employer.

The length of your PGWP depends on the duration of your study program. If your program was at least eight months but less than two years, your PGWP will be valid for a period equal to your program length. If your program was two years or longer, you may be eligible for a three-year PGWP. Programs shorter than eight months do not qualify for a PGWP.

PGWP Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for a PGWP, you must have studied full-time in Canada at a DLI, completed a program of study that was at least eight months in duration, and applied within 180 days of receiving written confirmation (such as a transcript or official letter) that you have completed your program. You must also hold a valid study permit when you submit your application, or have held one that was valid at some point during those 180 days. Changes to PGWP eligibility requirements are updated regularly, so always check the latest criteria on the IRCC website.

Getting Your Social Insurance Number (SIN)

A Social Insurance Number (SIN) is required before you can legally work in Canada. As an international student, you can apply for a SIN at a Service Canada office. You will need to bring your valid study permit (which must include a condition that allows you to work or states that you may accept employment), your valid passport, and proof of enrollment at a DLI.

SINs for international students typically start with the number 9, which indicates temporary residency. Your SIN is tied to your immigration status in Canada, so if your study permit or work permit expires, your SIN also becomes inactive until you renew your status. Never share your SIN unnecessarily, and keep your SIN card or confirmation letter in a secure place.

Where to Apply for a SIN

You can apply for a SIN in person at any Service Canada Centre. Some campuses also host Service Canada pop-up events at the beginning of each semester, making it convenient for new students. Processing is usually immediate when you apply in person with all required documents. You can also apply by mail, though this takes longer. Check our blog for more guidance on essential documents for newcomers.

Filing Taxes as an International Student

If you earn income in Canada, you are required to file a Canadian tax return. Even if you do not earn income, filing taxes can be beneficial because you may be eligible for tax credits and benefits such as the GST/HST credit, the Canada Training Credit, or provincial benefits. The tax filing deadline for individuals is typically April 30 of the following year.

To file your taxes, you will need a SIN, T4 slips from each employer (which summarize your earnings and deductions for the year), tuition receipts (T2202 forms from your school), and any other relevant income documents. Many students use free tax preparation software or take advantage of volunteer tax clinics offered at universities and community centres. The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) website has detailed guidance for students and newcomers.

Tax Credits for Students

International students may claim the tuition tax credit for eligible tuition fees paid to a Canadian institution. This credit can reduce the amount of tax you owe or be carried forward to future years when you have more income. You may also be able to claim moving expenses if you relocated more than 40 kilometres to attend school or start a job. For more information about tax filing for newcomers, visit our comprehensive tax guide.

Building Canadian Work Experience

Working while studying is about more than just earning money. Canadian employers value local work experience, and having Canadian references on your resume can significantly improve your job prospects after graduation. Many students find that their part-time jobs, co-op placements, or volunteer work lead directly to full-time employment opportunities. For guidance on building your career as a newcomer, explore our job search guide for newcomers and our credential recognition guide.

Tips for Finding Work as a Student

Start by visiting your campus career centre, which can help with resume writing, interview preparation, and job postings. Networking is also essential in Canada. Attend career fairs, join professional associations related to your field of study, and connect with alumni through your school. Online job boards such as Indeed, LinkedIn, and your school's internal job portal are also valuable resources. Consider volunteering or joining student clubs to expand your professional network and demonstrate community involvement.

Resources and Next Steps

Understanding your work rights as an international student is a critical part of succeeding in Canada. Always verify the latest rules on the IRCC website, consult your school's international student office with any questions, and keep your immigration documents up to date. For personalized guidance, try our AI Newcomer Navigator, explore more topics on our blog, or learn about our mission to support newcomers across Canada.